en Optimal design Optimal design پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Optimization methods are essential in today&#39;s world. Several types of optimization methods exist, and deterministic methods cannot solve some problems, so approximate optimization methods are used. The use of approximate optimization methods is therefore widespread. One of the metaheuristic algorithms for optimization, the EVPS algorithm has been successfully applied to engineering problems, particularly structural engineering problems. As this algorithm requires experimental parameters, this research presents a method for determining these parameters for each problem and a self-adaptive algorithm called the SA-EVPS algorithm. In this study, the SA-EVPS algorithm is compared with the EVPS algorithm using the 72-bar spatial truss structure and three classical benchmarked functions</span></span><br> &nbsp; enhanced vibrating particle system, self-adaptive algorithm, SA-EVPS algorithm, metaheuristic algorithms, continuous optimization problems 127 142 http://ijoce.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-66-366&slc_lang=en&sid=1 M. Paknahad 180031947532846002578 180031947532846002578 No Faculty of Engineering, Mahallat Institute of Higher Education, Mahallat, Iran P. Hosseini p.hosseini@mahallat.ac.ir 180031947532846002579 180031947532846002579 Yes Faculty of Engineering, Mahallat Institute of Higher Education, Mahallat, Iran A. Kaveh 180031947532846002580 180031947532846002580 No School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran