en Optimal design Optimal design پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="IT" style="color:black">This paper presents the application of the Plasma Generation Optimization (PGO) algorithm to the optimal design of large-scale dome trusses subjected to multiple frequency constraints. Such problems are notoriously challenging due to their highly non-linear and non-convex nature, characterized by numerous local optima. PGO is a physics-inspired metaheuristic that simulates the processes of excitation, de-excitation, and ionization in plasma generation, balancing global exploration and local refinement through its unique search mechanisms. The performance of PGO is evaluated on three well-established dome truss benchmarks: a 52-bar, a 120-bar, and a 600-bar structure, encompassing both sizing and sizing-shape optimization. A comprehensive statistical analysis based on multiple independent runs demonstrates the algorithm&#39;s effectiveness and robustness. The results show that PGO achieves the best-reported minimum weight for the 120-bar and 600-bar domes, while obtaining a highly competitive, near-optimal design for the 52-bar dome. Furthermore, PGO consistently produced low average weights across all problems, confirming its reliability. The convergence histories further validate the algorithm&#39;s efficiency in locating feasible, high-quality designs. The findings conclusively establish PGO as a powerful and reliable optimizer for handling complex structural optimization problems with dynamic constraints.</span></span></span> structural optimization, frequency constraints, truss structures, metaheuristic algorithms, Plasma generation optimization 485 510 http://ijoce.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6463-36&slc_lang=en&sid=1 A. Kaveh alikaveh@iust.ac.ir 180031947532846002862 180031947532846002862 Yes School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran S.M. Hosseini 180031947532846002863 180031947532846002863 No School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran K. Biabani Hamedani 180031947532846002864 180031947532846002864 No School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran